Chapter 2
detailed summary tables of results

 2.1 List of integrals sorted by grade for each CAS
  2.1.1 Rubi
  2.1.2 Mathematica
  2.1.3 Maple
  2.1.4 Maxima
  2.1.5 FriCAS
  2.1.6 Sympy
  2.1.7 Giac
 2.2 Detailed conclusion table per each integral for all CAS systems
 2.3 Detailed conclusion table specific for Rubi results

2.1 List of integrals sorted by grade for each CAS

2.1.1 Rubi

A grade: { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 }

B grade: { }

C grade: { }

F grade: { }

2.1.2 Mathematica

A grade: { 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 47, 48, 49, 50 }

B grade: { }

C grade: { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 32, 33, 34, 35, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 51 }

F grade: { }

2.1.3 Maple

A grade: { 29, 32, 33, 36, 37, 38, 41, 42, 43 }

B grade: { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27, 28, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51 }

C grade: { 7, 16 }

F grade: { 25, 26, 30, 31, 34, 35, 39, 40, 44, 49, 50 }

2.1.4 Maxima

A grade: {

B grade: { }

C grade: { }

F grade: { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 }

2.1.5 FriCAS

A grade: { 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 }

B grade: { 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50 }

C grade: { }

F grade: { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 32, 33, 34, 35, 41, 42, 43, 44, 51 }

2.1.6 Sympy

A grade: { }

B grade: { }

C grade: { }

F grade: { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 }

2.1.7 Giac

A grade: { }

B grade: { }

C grade: { }

F grade: { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 }

2.2 Detailed conclusion table per each integral for all CAS systems

Detailed conclusion table per each integral is given by table below. The elapsed time is in seconds. For failed result it is given as F(-1) if the failure was due to timeout. It is given as F(-2) if the failure was due to an exception being raised, which could indicate a bug in the system. If the failure was due to integral not being evaluated within the time limit, then it is given just an F.

In this table,the column normalized size is defined as \(\frac{\text{antiderivative leaf size}}{\text{optimal antiderivative leaf size}}\)










Problem 1 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F F(-1) F F(-1)
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 975 975 690 17767396 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.71 18223. 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 24.463 6.221 1.056 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 2 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F F(-1) F F(-1)
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 889 889 582 17247437 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.65 19400.9 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 23.995 4.913 0.432 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 3 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F F(-1) F F(-1)
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 748 748 451 17766953 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.6 23752.6 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 23.63 2.34 0.401 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 4 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F F(-1) F F(-1)
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 676 676 405 17247074 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.6 25513.4 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 26.571 0.535 0.45 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 5 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F F(-1) F F(-1)
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 601 601 250 21947835 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.42 36518.9 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 23.288 0.278 0.405 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 6 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F(-2) F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 574 574 228 17246812 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.4 30046.7 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 23.269 0.135 0.415 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 7 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C C F(-2) F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 571 571 223 53198 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.39 93.17 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 23.583 0.342 5.83 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 8 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 612 612 261 1166066 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.43 1905.34 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 23.744 1.121 19.957 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 9 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 690 690 289 2856003 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.42 4139.13 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 23.733 1.816 140.041 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 10 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F(-1) F(-1) F F(-2)
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 548 548 456 9581348 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.83 17484.2 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 1.085 6.12 0.35 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 11 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F(-1) F(-1) F F(-2)
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 495 495 283 7491919 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.57 15135.2 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.82 2.524 0.305 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 12 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F F(-1) F F(-2)
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 383 383 252 9581048 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.66 25015.8 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.731 0.842 0.329 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 13 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F F(-1) F F(-2)
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 352 352 228 7491708 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.65 21283.3 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.373 0.183 0.336 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 14 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F(-2) F(-1) F F(-2)
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 294 294 173 9338488 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.59 31763.6 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.286 0.093 0.326 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 15 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F(-2) F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 298 298 173 7300213 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.58 24497.4 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.311 0.123 0.368 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 16 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C C F F(-1) F F(-1)
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 350 350 223 28513 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.64 81.47 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.701 0.245 1.877 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 17 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F F(-1) F F(-2)
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 395 395 264 675102 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.67 1709.12 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.765 1.402 18.206 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 18 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F(-1) F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 500 500 315 1981914 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.63 3963.83 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.8 5.383 45.891 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 19 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F(-1) F(-1) F(-1) F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 1190 1190 884 13067596 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.74 10981.2 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 6.507 23.276 0.326 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 20 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F(-1) F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 864 864 611 13066795 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.71 15123.6 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 4.79 20.016 0.303 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 21 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F(-2) F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 686 686 286 13066412 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.42 19047.3 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 4.514 15.267 0.321 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 22 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F(-2) F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 638 638 328 11847956 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.51 18570.5 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 3.95 4.812 0.291 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 23 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F(-2) F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 635 635 318 13066372 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.5 20577. 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 3.791 4.602 0.288 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 24 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F(-1) F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 750 750 450 15825630 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.6 21100.8 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 4.578 4.348 122.368 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 25 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C F F(-1) F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 829 829 583 0 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.7 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 4.939 6.166 180. 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 26 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C F F(-1) F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 1007 1007 786 0 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.78 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 4.928 6.172 180. 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 27 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A A B F(-1) A F F(-1)
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 270 270 290 684 0 3421 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 1.07 2.53 0. 12.67 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.613 5.826 0.25 0. 36.87 0. 0.


















Problem 28 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A A B F A F F(-1)
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 209 209 208 467 0 2952 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 1. 2.23 0. 14.12 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.349 1.494 0.179 0. 21.228 0. 0.


















Problem 29 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A A A F A F F(-1)
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 179 179 180 289 0 2641 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 1.01 1.61 0. 14.75 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.224 0.279 0.186 0. 16.188 0. 0.


















Problem 30 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A A F F A F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 203 203 192 0 0 5280 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.95 0. 0. 26.01 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.292 1.1 0.597 0. 5.381 0. 0.


















Problem 31 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A A F F A F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 435 435 187 0 0 2934 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.43 0. 0. 6.74 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.544 1.156 0.509 0. 19.086 0. 0.


















Problem 32 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C A F F F F(-1)
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 1254 1254 639 1945 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.51 1.55 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.993 29.37 0.212 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 33 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C A F F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 829 829 428 1497 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.52 1.81 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.552 1.799 0.153 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 34 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C F F F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 861 861 1258 0 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 1.46 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.585 26.903 0.497 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 35 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C F F F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 943 943 1590 0 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 1.69 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.717 32.167 0.498 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 36 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A A A F(-1) A F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 182 182 173 240 0 2962 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.95 1.32 0. 16.27 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.353 2.162 0.19 0. 18.118 0. 0.


















Problem 37 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A A A F A F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 141 141 136 155 0 2450 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.96 1.1 0. 17.38 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.21 0.236 0.189 0. 13.274 0. 0.


















Problem 38 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A A A F A F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 79 79 79 102 0 733 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 1. 1.29 0. 9.28 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.114 0.111 0.19 0. 3.86 0. 0.


















Problem 39 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A A F F A F F(-1)
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 142 142 136 0 0 2500 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.96 0. 0. 17.61 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.228 0.57 0.559 0. 11.78 0. 0.


















Problem 40 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A A F F(-1) A F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 249 249 188 0 0 3267 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.76 0. 0. 13.12 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.318 4.136 0.545 0. 16.017 0. 0.


















Problem 41 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C A F(-1) F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 662 662 533 646 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.81 0.98 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.439 22.577 0.184 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 42 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C A F F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 436 436 311 402 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.71 0.92 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.341 8.994 0.158 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 43 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C A F F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 436 436 235 231 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.54 0.53 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.306 0.683 0.155 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 44 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C F F(-1) F(-1) F F(-1)
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 707 707 683 0 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.97 0. 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.728 27.892 0.537 0. 0. 0. 0.


















Problem 45 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F(-1) B F F(-1)
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 235 235 182725 826 0 8193 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 777.55 3.51 0. 34.86 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.549 34.144 0.202 0. 32.014 0. 0.


















Problem 46 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F B F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 159 159 57597 601 0 2421 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 362.25 3.78 0. 15.23 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.394 35.643 0.165 0. 6.31 0. 0.


















Problem 47 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A A B F B F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 154 154 155 508 0 2384 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 1.01 3.3 0. 15.48 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.285 2.836 0.159 0. 5.54 0. 0.


















Problem 48 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A A B F B F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 155 155 156 417 0 2410 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 1.01 2.69 0. 15.55 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.218 2.936 0.155 0. 5.257 0. 0.


















Problem 49 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A A F F(-1) B F F(-1)
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 280 280 278 0 0 8429 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.99 0. 0. 30.1 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.387 3.295 0.446 0. 28.113 0. 0.


















Problem 50 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A A F F(-1) B F F
verified N/A Yes Yes TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 477 477 555 0 0 11061 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 1.16 0. 0. 23.19 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.552 6.069 0.449 0. 35.949 0. 0.


















Problem 51 Optimal Rubi Mathematica Maple Maxima Fricas Sympy Giac









grade A A C B F F(-1) F F
verified N/A Yes NO TBD TBD TBD TBD TBD
size 981 981 831 3598 0 0 0 0
normalized size 1 1. 0.85 3.67 0. 0. 0. 0.
time (sec) N/A 0.876 34.031 0.163 0. 0. 0. 0.









2.3 Detailed conclusion table specific for Rubi results

The following table is specific to Rubi. It gives additional statistics for each integral. the column steps is the number of steps used by Rubi to obtain the antiderivative. The rules column is the number of unique rules used. The integrand size column is the leaf size of the integrand. Finally the ratio \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) is given. The larger this ratio is, the harder the integral was to solve. In this test, problem number [1] had the largest ratio of [ 0.4242 ]

Table 2.1Rubi specific breakdown of results for each integral














# grade
number of
steps
used
number of
unique
rules
normalized
antiderivative
leaf size
integrand
leaf size
\(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand leaf size}}\)







1 A 21 14 1. 33 0.424







2 A 19 12 1. 33 0.364







3 A 16 12 1. 33 0.364







4 A 10 9 1. 33 0.273







5 A 10 9 1. 31 0.29







6 A 9 7 1. 24 0.292







7 A 18 13 1. 31 0.419







8 A 17 12 1. 33 0.364







9 A 21 14 1. 33 0.424







10 A 15 10 1. 33 0.303







11 A 14 9 1. 33 0.273







12 A 11 8 1. 33 0.242







13 A 9 7 1. 33 0.212







14 A 6 4 1. 31 0.129







15 A 6 3 1. 24 0.125







16 A 10 7 1. 31 0.226







17 A 11 8 1. 33 0.242







18 A 14 9 1. 33 0.273







19 A 20 12 1. 33 0.364







20 A 14 11 1. 33 0.333







21 A 10 7 1. 33 0.212







22 A 7 5 1. 33 0.152







23 A 7 5 1. 31 0.161







24 A 13 10 1. 31 0.323







25 A 13 10 1. 33 0.303







26 A 18 12 1. 33 0.364







27 A 9 8 1. 35 0.229







28 A 8 7 1. 35 0.2







29 A 8 7 1. 33 0.212







30 A 10 7 1. 33 0.212







31 A 22 9 1. 35 0.257







32 A 14 9 1. 35 0.257







33 A 8 6 1. 26 0.231







34 A 9 8 1. 35 0.229







35 A 10 8 1. 35 0.229







36 A 8 7 1. 35 0.2







37 A 7 6 1. 35 0.171







38 A 4 4 1. 33 0.121







39 A 8 5 1. 33 0.152







40 A 11 6 1. 35 0.171







41 A 5 5 1. 35 0.143







42 A 4 4 1. 35 0.114







43 A 4 3 1. 26 0.115







44 A 7 7 1. 35 0.2







45 A 8 7 1. 35 0.2







46 A 6 6 1. 35 0.171







47 A 6 6 1. 35 0.171







48 A 6 6 1. 33 0.182







49 A 12 7 1. 33 0.212







50 A 16 8 1. 35 0.229







51 A 9 8 1. 35 0.229